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One scale

World rankings

Club ratings are anchored per competition, so 1700 in one league is not 1700 in another. These are re-based onto a single scale using the continental matches that actually connect them.

The measurement

How the leagues compare

Goals per match better or worse than a neutral league, solved from every cross-league result. The evidence column is how much football each figure rests on.

League strength, with the matches behind each figure
#LeagueStrengthMatchesLeagues faced
1Premier League+1.0230raw +1.7115
2LaLiga+0.7230raw +1.2016
3Ligue 1+0.4524raw +0.8311
4Belgian Pro League+0.389raw +1.217
5Serie A+0.3522raw +0.6713
6Brasileirão Série A+0.3533raw +0.579
7Liga Portugal+0.2515raw +0.5714
8Bundesliga+0.2423raw +0.4413
9Primera División+0.18245
10Süper Lig+0.149raw +0.467
11Eredivisie+0.0696
12Super League 1+0.0275
13Liga MX-0.073410
14Austrian Bundesliga-0.0910raw -0.268
15Major League Soccer-0.213810
16Eliteserien-0.367raw -1.394
17Canadian Premier League-0.736raw -3.152

A league’s figure is the average goal difference of its clubs in continental matches, credited with the strength of who they played and solved until it settles. Beating a strong league counts for more than beating a weak one. Read the matches column before the rank: a figure resting on eight matches is a signal, not a verdict.

Each figure is then pulled toward zero in proportion to how little evidence stands behind it — at twenty matches a league keeps half of what was measured, at a hundred five sixths. That is a statement about confidence rather than about football: a league near zero is not being called average, it is being called unmeasured. Where the correction is large the raw figure is shown beneath the match count.

Not ranked9 leagues

These leagues have not played enough continental football in the data loaded to be placed against the others — fewer than 6 cross-league matches, or against fewer than two different leagues. They are absent rather than ranked low, because a rank with no evidence behind it sits in the table looking exactly like one that has some.

426 clubs

Every club on one scale

Each club's rating within its own league, shifted by that league's measured strength.

Clubs ranked on a shared scale
#ClubIn leagueAdjustRating
1Barcelona1751+1841935
2Paris Saint-Germain1762+1261888
3Arsenal1619+2661885
4Tottenham Hotspur1614+2661880
5Real Madrid1686+1841870
6Manchester City1598+2661864
7Leicester City1594+2661860
8Man City1582+2641846
9Arsenal1580+2641844
10Liverpool1569+2661835
11Flamengo1737+931830
12Bournemouth1563+2641827
13Southampton1556+2661822
14Barcelona1654+1681822
15Brighton1550+2641814
16Atlético Madrid1626+1841810
17Chelsea1542+2641806
18Real Madrid1636+1681804
19Manchester United1531+2661797
20Liverpool1524+2641788
21Chelsea1518+2661784
22West Ham United1518+2661784
23Tottenham1519+2641783
24Juventus1682+961778
25Fulham1510+2641774
26Brentford1508+2641772
27Palmeiras1674+931767
28Nottm Forest1502+2641766
29Leeds1497+2641761
30Everton1495+2661761
31Newcastle1496+2641760
32Napoli1662+961758
33Man United1483+2641747
34Aston Villa1482+2641746
35Swansea City1468+2661734
36Watford1467+2661733
37Sporting CP1665+631728
38Crystal Palace1459+2661725
39Athletic Club1541+1841725
40Villarreal1557+1681725
41Everton1459+2641723
42Lyon1597+1261723
43AFC Bournemouth1456+2661722
44Sevilla1538+1841722
45West Bromwich Albion1454+2661720
46Hull1453+2641717
47PSG1613+1041717
48Stoke City1447+2661713
49Inter1634+781712
50AS Roma1615+961711
51FC Porto1648+631711
52Sunderland1444+2641708
53Atlético Madrid1540+1681708
54Crystal Palace1443+2641707
55Coventry1442+2641706
56Sunderland1439+2661705
57Ipswich1440+2641704
58Bayern München1656+481704
59Newcastle United1432+2661698
60Villarreal1505+1841689

The adjustment column is the whole point: it is what separates a rating that means something within a division from one that means something between them. Clubs from unranked leagues are absent — they cannot be placed on a shared scale when the gap between their league and everyone else’s has not been measured. Showing the top 60 of 426.